An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 22 Search : crystal
biaxial crystal
  بلور ِ دو‌آسه   
bolur-e doâsé

Fr.: cristal biaxe   

A birefrigent crystal, such as mica, that is characterized by having two optical axes along which light is propagated with equal velocities.

Biaxial, from → bi- "two" + axial, from → axe; → crystal.

crystal
  بلور   
bolur (#)

Fr.: cristal   

A solidified substance in which the constituent atoms, ions, or molecules form a three-dimensionally periodic arrangement.

O.E. cristal "clear ice, clear mineral," from O.Fr. cristal, from L. crystallum "crystal, ice," from Gk. krystallos, from kryos "frost," from PIE base *kreus- "to begin to freeze, form a crust," → cryogenics.

Bolur, from Mid.Pers. bêlûr "crystal," Manichean Parthian bylwr, maybe of Indian origin, Pali veluriya- "a precious stone;" cf. Skt. vaidurya-, perhaps related to Tamil veliru, vilar "to become pale," or to the southern Indian city Velur, modern Belur. The Mid.Pers. word is perhaps the carrier between the Indian word and the Gk. beryllos, which has given rise to L. beryllus, O.Fr. beryl, E. beryl "the beryllium aluminum silicate, Be3Al2Si6O18."

crystal lattice
  جاره‌ی ِ بلور   
jâre-ye bolur

Fr.: réseau cristallin   

The network of the points in space at which the atoms, molecules, or ions of a → crystal are regularly repeated.

crystal; → lattice.

crystal structure
  ساختار ِ بلور   
sâxtâr-e bolur

Fr.: structure de cristal   

The geometric framework to which a crystal may be referred and the arrangement of atoms or electron density distribution relative to that framework, usually determined by X-ray diffraction measurements.

crystal; → structure.

crystal system
  راژمان ِ بلور، ~ بلوری   
râžmân-e bolur, ~ boluri

Fr.: système cristallin   

One of seven possible basic crystal types that is defined by the relations between the axis lengths and angles of its unit cell. Crystal systems can produce an infinite → lattice by successive translations in three-dimensional space so that each lattice point has an identical environment. The seven crystal systems are: → cubic, → orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal, monoclinic, and triclinic.

crystal; → system.

crystalline
  بلوری، بلورین   
boluri, bolurin

Fr.: cristallin   

1) Of or like crystal; clear; transparent.
2) Formed by → crystallization.
3) Composed of crystals.
4) Pertaining to crystals or their formation (Dictionary.com).

Adjective from → crystal.

crystalline lens
  عدسی ِ چشم   
adasi-ye cašm (#)

Fr.: cristallin   

A → doubly convex, → transparent body in the → eye, situated behind the → iris, that focuses incident light on the → retina (Dictionary.com).

crystalline; → lens; → eye.

crystalline structure
  ساختار ِ بلورین   
sâxtâr-e bolurin

Fr.: structure cristalline   

An arrangement and interrelationship of parts that is of → crystalline nature.

crystalline; → structure.

crystallinity
  بلورینی   
bolurini

Fr.: cristallinité   

1) A state of molecular structure in some resins attributed to the existence of solid crystals with a definite geometric form.
2) The percentage of a polymer sample that has formed crystals (J. W. Gooch, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers).

crystalline; → -ity.

crystallization
  بلورش   
bolureš

Fr.: cristallisation   

A process by which a homogeneous solution becomes crystal.

Noun from crystallize, → crystal.

Noun from bolur, from verb boluridan "to crystallize" + verbal noun suffix -eš.

crystallography
  بلورشناسی   
boluršenâsi (#)

Fr.: cristallographie   

The science of forms, properties, and structure of crystals.

crystal; → -graphy; → -logy.

cubic crystal system
  راژمان ِ بلوری ِ کابی   
râžmân-e boluri-ye kâbi

Fr.: système cristallin cubique   

A → crystal system whose three axes have equal lengths and all corners are 90°.

cubic; → crystal; → system.

doubly refracting crystal
  بلور ِ شکست ِ دوتایی   
bolur-e šakst-e dotâyi

Fr.: cristal à double réfraction   

A → transparent → crystalline substance (such as calcite, quartz, and tourmaline) that is → anisotropic relative to the → speed of light. A ray incident normally on such crystals is broken up into two rays in traversing the crystal, → ordinary ray and → extraordinary ray.

doubly; → refracting; → crystal.

ice crystal
  بلور یخ   
bolur-e yax

Fr.: cristal de glace   

A tiny particle of ice within which → water molecules are all lined up in a precise → crystalline structure. Ice crystals come in various shapes including needles, → dendrites, hexagonal columns, and → platelet. If the temperature decreases the water molecules can crystallize, arranging themselves around the suspended impurities such as dust particles. See also → snow crystal.

ice; → crystal.

liquid crystal
  بلور ِ آوه   
bolur-e âvé (#)

Fr.: cristaux liquides   

A type of material that possesses less geometrical regularity or order than normal solid crystals, and whose order varies in response to alterations in temperature, electric field, and other quantities.

liquid; → crystal.

negative crystal
  بلور ِ ناییدار   
bolur-e nâyidâr

Fr.: cristal négatif   

A uniaxial, birefringent crystal in which the velocity of the extraordinary ray surpasses that of the ordinary ray.

negative; → crystal.

orthorhombic crystal system
  راژمان ِ بلوری ِ اردالوزیک   
râžmân-e boluri-ye ardâlowzik

Fr.: système cristallin orthorhombique   

A → crystal system that has three mutually perpendicular axes, each of which is of a different length than the others.

orthorhombic; → crystal; → system.

quasicrystal
  چونان‌بلور   
cunân-bolur

Fr.: quasi-cristal   

A form of solid made up of ordered but non-repeating patterns of atoms, a symmetry that is forbidden for periodic crystals. In an ordinary crystal, only 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-fold symmetries are possible, since these are the only symmetries that, when combined, can fill space. Prior to the discovery of quasicrystals, it was believed that 5-fold crystal symmetry could never occur. Quasicrystals are remarkable in that some of them display 5-fold or higher-fold forbidden symmetries. They are used as catalysts, in particular at high temperatures, to produce durable kinds of steel, like those used in objects such as razor blades and thin needles made specifically for eye surgery. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 was awarded to Daniel Schechtman for his discovery of quasicrystals in 1982.

quasi-; → crystal.

rock crystal
  بلور ِ سنگی، برد-بلور   
bolur-e sangi, bard-bolur

Fr.: cristal de roche   

Pure natural crystalline form of → silica, SiO2, which is transparent and colorless.

rock; → crystal.

snow crystal
  بلور برف   
bolur-e barf

Fr.: cristal de neige   

An → ice crystal forming snow in a → cloud.

snow; → crystal.

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