An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 22 Search : equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ توانیک   
tarâzmandi-ye tavânik

Fr.: équilibre dynamique   

Mechanics: The condition of a moving mechanical system when the accelerating force is balanced by an imaginary kinetic reaction according to → d'Alembert's principle. See also → static equilibrium; → thermodynamic equilibrium.

Dynamic, adj. from → dynamics; → equilibrium.

dynamical equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ توانیک   
tarâzmandi-ye tavânik

Fr.: équilibre dynamique   

Of a physical system, a condition in which the parts of the system are in continuous motion, but they move in opposing directions at equal rates so that the system as a whole remains in equilibrium.

dynamical; → equilibrium.

equilibrium
  ترازمندی   
tarâzmandi (#)

Fr.: équilibre   

A state of balance or rest between the forces operating on or within a physical system. → stable equilibrium; → unstable equilibrium; → dynamical equilibrium.

From L. æquilibrium, from æquus, → equal + libra "a balance, scale."

Tarâzmandi, noun of tarâzmand "in equilibrium," from tarâz "level; a level" + possession suffix -mand. The first component from tarâzu "balance, scales," Mid.Pers. tarâzên-, taraênidan "to weigh;" Proto-Iranian *tarāz-, from *tarā- "balance, scale" (cf. Skt. tulā- "scales, balance, weight," from tul- "to weigh, make equal in weight, equal," tolayati "weighs, balances;" L. tollere "to raise;" Gk. talanton "balance, weight," Atlas "the Bearer" of Heaven;" Lith. tiltas "bridge;" PIE base telə- "to lift, weigh") + Av. az- "to convey, conduct, drive," azaiti drives" (cf. Skt. aj- "to dive, sling," ájati "drives," ajirá- "agile, quick;" Gk. agein "to lead, guide, drive, carry off;" L. agere "to do, set in motion, drive," from PIE root *ag- "to drive, move," → act).

equilibrium partitioning
  پرکه‌بندی ِ ترازمند   
parkebandi-ye tarâzmand

Fr.: équilibre de partition   

A concept whereby chemical → concentrations among geological or environmental media are at equilibrium, and therefore the partitioning of metals in those media can be predicted based on → partition ratios.

equilibrium; → partitioning.

equilibrium position
  نهش ِ ترازمندی   
naheš-e tarâzmandi (#)

Fr.: position d'équilibre   

The position of an oscillating body at which no net force acts on it.

equilibrium; → position.

equilibrium state
  استات ِ ترازمندی، حالت ِ ~   
estât-e tarâzmandi, hâlat-e ~

Fr.: état d'équilibre   

A state in which a → thermodynamic system is in → thermodynamic equilibrium.

equilibrium; → state.

gravitational equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ گرانشی   
tarâzmandi-ye gerâneši (#)

Fr.: équilibre gravitationnel   

The condition in a celestial body when gravitational forces acting on each point are balanced by some outward pressure, such as radiation pressure or electron degeneracy pressure, so that no vertical motion results.

gravitational; → equilibrium.

hydrodynamic equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ هیدروتوانیک   
tarâzmandi-ye hirdrotavânik

Fr.: équilibre hydrodynamique   

The state of a star when all its internal forces are in equilibrium. The main forces are gas pressure, radiation pressure due to thermonuclear fusion that tends to disrupt the star, and the opposing gravity. → hydrostatic equilibrium.

hydrodynamic; → equilibrium.

hydrostatic equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ هیدر-ایستاییک، ~ هیدر-ایستا   
tarâzmandi-ye hidristâik

Fr.: équilibre hydrostatique   

1) The physical situation reached in a fluid when complete balance exists between the internal pressure at any point and the weight of the material above the point.
2) For a star, the balance between the inward → gravitational force and the outward gas pressure everywhere in the star. → hydrostatic equation. See also → hydrodynamic equilibrium.

hydrostatic; → equilibrium.

local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE)
  ترازمندی ِ گرماتوانیک ِ محلی   
tarâzmandi-ye garmâtavânik-e mahali

Fr.: équilibre thermodynamique local   

The assumption that all distribution functions characterizing the material and its interaction with the radiation field at a point in the star are given by → thermodynamic equilibrium relations at local values of the temperature and density.

local; → thermodynamic; → equilibrium.

mechanical equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ مکانیکی   
tarâzmandi-ye mekâniki

Fr.: équilibre mécanique   

1) The state of a → rigid body if, as viewed from an → inertial frame of rest: 1) the → linear acceleration of its → center of mass is zero, and 2) its → angular acceleration about any axis fixed in this reference frame is zero. The center of mass may be moving with constant velocity and the body may be rotating about a fixed axis with constant angular velocity.
2) In → thermodynamics, the state of a system in which → pressure is the same every where with no other forces acting on the system except a uniform external pressure.

mechanical; → equilibrium.

non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE)
  ترازمندی ِ گرماتوانیک ِ نامحلی   
tarâzmandi-ye garmâtavânik-e nâmahali

Fr.: hors équilibre thermodynamique local   

A physical condition in which the assumption of the → local thermodynamic equilibrium does not hold.

non-; → local thermodynamic equilibrium.

nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE)
  ترازمندی ِ آماری ِ هسته‌ای   
tarâzmandi-ye âmâri-ye haste-yi

Fr.: équilibre statistique nucléaire   

In → nucleosynthesis models, the condition in which all nuclear species are in equilibrium under exchange of → protons and → neutrons. Matter in nuclear statistical equilibrium is characterized by a large abundance of iron peak nuclei. In such equilibria abundance of each nuclide can be calculated from repeated application of → Saha equation.

nuclear; → statistical; → equilibrium.

phase equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ فاز   
tarâzmandi-ye fâz

Fr.: équilibre de phases   

The condition of temperature and pressure under which different phases (e.g. gas, liquid, and solid) of a substance coexist.

phase; → equilibrium.

radiative equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ تابشی   
tarâzmandi-ye tâbeši

Fr.: équilibre radiatif   

The balance between radiative emission and radiative absorption in a specified system.

radiative; → equilibrium.

stable equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ پایدار   
tarâzmandi-ye pâydâr (#)

Fr.: équilibre stable   

An equilibrium state of a system in which if a small perturbation away from equilibrium is applied, the system will return to its equilibrium state. An example is a pendulum hanging straight down. If it is pushed slightly, it will experience a force back toward the equilibrium position. It may oscillate around the equilibrium position for a while, but it will finally regain its equilibrium position. → unstable equilibrium.

stable; → equilibrium.

static equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ ایستا   
tarâzmandi-ye istâ

Fr.: équilibre statique   

The state of a rigid body which is not moving at all. The conditions for static equilibrium are: 1) the sum of the external forces on the object must equal zero, and 2) the sum of the → torques must equal zero. See also → dynamic equilibrium and → mechanical equilibrium.

static; → equilibrium.

statistical equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ آماری   
tarâzmandi-ye âmâri

Fr.: équilibre statistique   

A state in which the average density of atoms per cubic centimeter in any atomic state does not change with time and in which, statistically, energy is equally divided among all degrees of freedom if classical concepts prevail.

statistical; → equilibrium.

thermal equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ گرمایی   
tarâzmandi-ye garmâyi (#)

Fr.: équilibre thermique   

In thermodynamics, the state of a system all parts of which have attained a uniform temperature and no net heat exchange is taking place between it and its surroundings. If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, they have the same temperature. Thermal equilibrium is the central criterion of the → zeroth law of thermodynamics. See also → local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE).

thermal; → equilibrium.

thermodynamic equilibrium
  ترازمندی ِ گرماتوانیک   
tarâzmandi-ye garmâtavânik

Fr.: équilibre thermodynamique   

The condition of a → thermodynamic system in which the available → energy is distributed uniformly among all the possible forms of energy. Furthermore, all → thermodynamic process es must be exactly balanced by their reverse processes. For example, inside a star there will be as many → ionizations of helium per second as there are → recombinations of free electrons and helium ions. Se also → local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE).

thermodynamic; → equilibrium.

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